The causative verbs are used to indicate that one person causes a second person to do something for the first person. One can cause somebody to do something for him or her by paying, asking, or forcing the person. The causative verbs are: have, get, make.
Have/get: The clause following have or get may be active or passive. Study the following rules.
ACTIVE (1) Mary had John wash the car. (John washed the car.) activeACTIVE (2) Mary got John to wash the car. (John washed the car.) activePASSIVE (3) Mary got the car washed. (The car was washed by somebody.) Mary had the car washed.
Examples of active clauses in causative sentences:
The president had his advisors arrange a press conference.George is getting his teachers to give him a make-up exam.Mary has had a friend type all of her papers.John is having his father contact the officials.The editor had the contributors attend a composition workshop.Morris got his dog to bring him the newspaper.
Examples of passive clauses in causative sentences:
James has his shirts cleaned at the drycleaners.Pat is having her car repaired this week.Anna got her paper typed by a friend.The president is having a press conference arranged by his advisors.Mary got her husband arrested. (Exception: a person is the complement, but the second clause is passive.) Rick was having his hair cut when John called.
Make: Make can be followed only by a clause in the active voice. It is stronger than have or get. It means force.subject + make + complement + [verb in simple form] . . .
The robber made the teller give him the money. (The robber forced the teller to give him the money.)
Examples of make:
The manager made the salesmen attend the conference.The teacher always makes the children stay in their seats.George made his son be quiet in the theater. The president is making his cabinet members sign this document. The teacher had made the students' parents sign release forms before he let the students jump on the trampoline.
Let: Let is usually added to the list of causatives in grammar textbooks. It is not actually causative. It means allow or permit. Notice the difference in grammar.note: Let is not interchangeable with leave, which means to go away.
Examples:
John let his daughter swim with her friends.(John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends.)(John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends.)The teacher let the students leave class early. The policeman let the suspect make one phone call. Dr. Jones is letting the students hand in the papers on Monday. Mrs. Binion let her son spend the night with a friend. We are going to let her write the letter.Mr. Brown always lets his children watch cartoons on Saturday mornings.
Help: Help is not actually a causative verb either, but is generally considered with causative verbs in grammar textbooks. It is usually followed by the simple form, but can be followed by the infinitive in some cases. It means assist.
John helped Mary wash the dishes.Jorge helped the old woman with the packages (to) find a taxi.The teacher helped Carolina find the research materials.
Have/get: The clause following have or get may be active or passive. Study the following rules.
ACTIVE (1) Mary had John wash the car. (John washed the car.) activeACTIVE (2) Mary got John to wash the car. (John washed the car.) activePASSIVE (3) Mary got the car washed. (The car was washed by somebody.) Mary had the car washed.
Examples of active clauses in causative sentences:
The president had his advisors arrange a press conference.George is getting his teachers to give him a make-up exam.Mary has had a friend type all of her papers.John is having his father contact the officials.The editor had the contributors attend a composition workshop.Morris got his dog to bring him the newspaper.
Examples of passive clauses in causative sentences:
James has his shirts cleaned at the drycleaners.Pat is having her car repaired this week.Anna got her paper typed by a friend.The president is having a press conference arranged by his advisors.Mary got her husband arrested. (Exception: a person is the complement, but the second clause is passive.) Rick was having his hair cut when John called.
Make: Make can be followed only by a clause in the active voice. It is stronger than have or get. It means force.subject + make + complement + [verb in simple form] . . .
The robber made the teller give him the money. (The robber forced the teller to give him the money.)
Examples of make:
The manager made the salesmen attend the conference.The teacher always makes the children stay in their seats.George made his son be quiet in the theater. The president is making his cabinet members sign this document. The teacher had made the students' parents sign release forms before he let the students jump on the trampoline.
Let: Let is usually added to the list of causatives in grammar textbooks. It is not actually causative. It means allow or permit. Notice the difference in grammar.note: Let is not interchangeable with leave, which means to go away.
Examples:
John let his daughter swim with her friends.(John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends.)(John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends.)The teacher let the students leave class early. The policeman let the suspect make one phone call. Dr. Jones is letting the students hand in the papers on Monday. Mrs. Binion let her son spend the night with a friend. We are going to let her write the letter.Mr. Brown always lets his children watch cartoons on Saturday mornings.
Help: Help is not actually a causative verb either, but is generally considered with causative verbs in grammar textbooks. It is usually followed by the simple form, but can be followed by the infinitive in some cases. It means assist.
John helped Mary wash the dishes.Jorge helped the old woman with the packages (to) find a taxi.The teacher helped Carolina find the research materials.
Source : http://masterex.narod.ru/english_email_causative_verbs.htm
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